Pandora’s Promise

Pandora’s Promise is a documentary covering the debate over nuclear power. It presents the aspects of both sides, pro and anti-nuclear and many of the pro-nuclear interviewees were at one time anti-nuclear. This provides an interesting perspective on how some very enthusiastic environmentalists publicly condemning nuclear power can now be very much so in support of nuclear power.

Overall the documentary presents a position in support of nuclear power and does so by “debunking” many of the myths associated with nuclear power. These myths mostly center around the danger nuclear power presents such as the history of nuclear accidents- Three Mile Island, Fukushima, Chernobyl… They addressed the fact that the death toll is thought to be very high, with some extremists (as shown in the documentary) when that is actually not the case at all. Nuclear power has one of the lowest amount of deaths in regards to energy types, an even lower position than solar energy.

I was not aware of the varying levels of background radiation that exists everywhere in varying quantities. Radiation is a naturally produced substance and it is different when one goes to different locations, such as being higher in high altitudes. Chernobyl had a lower amount of radiation than many other locations, so what does this mean? Many people who lived in the area before the accident have returned and, as far as they are aware, no one has suffered any deaths related to the radiation.

One of the most interesting parts of the documentary in my option was when the fine print of an anti-nuclear add was read and it turned out to be sponsored by the oil and gas industry. It is true that solar and wind energy at this point are not capable of making up for the energy production fossil fuels contribute, at least not today and maybe not ever.

The fact is that the world’s energy needs are continuing to grow, especially as third world countries develop. Electricity brings a higher quality of life to people and the people of developing countries are making strides in gaining access to electricity. As this energy demand grows, so does the strain on the environment as we use resources (fossil fuels) that produce emissions. Nuclear is a very clean producer of energy and it can reuse its fuel! The dangerous products that nuclear energy produces are very minimal and can safely be stored. New models of reactors can even use this stored material as fuel.

While I was in support of nuclear energy before this documentary, it did a clear and concise job of explaining many of the key issues people, including myself, associate with nuclear power- weapons, toxic material, safety… I feel it is very informative and addresses the issues in ways that the general public can understand. There are many misconceptions when it comes to nuclear energy and it is an interesting take having people who used to believe in those misconceptions take part in the explanation of why they are inaccurate.

Self-Study of Nuclear Energy

The details of how nuclear energy works has been discussed in previous posts, but as a refresher, the following paragraph is a summary.

A nuclear reactor produces electricity in much the same way other power plants do.  Some form of energy creates heat, which turns water into steam.  The pressure of the steam turns a generator, which produces electricity. The difference is in how the heat is created. Power plants that run on fossil fuels burn coal, oil or natural gas to generate heat.  In a nuclear energy facility, heat is produced from splitting atoms – a process called nuclear fission.  Enriched uranium is the fuel for nuclear reactors.  Uranium is an abundant, naturally radioactive element found in most rocks.  As uranium breaks down or decays, it produces heat inside the Earth’s crust.  A similar process generates heat inside a nuclear reactor. The image below is a graphic representation of the production of nuclear energy.

process-en

Globally, there have been at least 99 (civilian and military) recorded nuclear power plant accidents from 1952 to 2009 (defined as incidents that either resulted in the loss of human life or more than $50,000 of property damage, the amount the US federal government uses to define nuclear energy accidents that must be reported), totaling $20.5 billion in property damages. Property damage costs include destruction of property, emergency response, environmental remediation, evacuation, lost product, fines, and court claims. Because nuclear power plants are large and complex, accidents on site tend to be relatively expensive. The International Atomic Energy Authority ranks them using an International Nuclear Events Scale (INES) – ranging from ‘anomaly’ to ‘major accident’, numbered from 1 to 7. Some of the worst accidents include:

>Chernobyl, Ukraine- INES Level 7, 1986

>3 Mile Island, Pennsylvania- INES Level 5, 1979

>Fukushima, Japan- INES Level 7, 2011

 

References:

1. ENEC

http://www.enec.gov.ae/learn-about-nuclear-energy/how-does-nuclear-energy-work/#nuclear-fission

2. The Guardian

http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/mar/14/nuclear-power-plant-accidents-list-rank

3. Wikipedia- List of Nuclear Power Accidents By Country

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nuclear_power_accidents_by_country#cite_note-bksaccident-7

4. Take Part

http://www.takepart.com/photos/11-worst-nuclear-accidents/windscale-pile-great-britain-ines-level-5-1957