For this project we needed:

• One generator (magnet that moves back and forth inside a coil of wire)
• One voltage probe
• One NXT adaptor
• NXT
• Labview VI  generator_lab.vi
• Excel sheet

Our job was to understand first how to measure the voltage output of the generator and then actually measure it. We had to correlate the number of shakes of the generator, in a thirty second time interval, with the voltages or the sum of the square of the voltages that the generator generates.

Me and my partner split tasks. He shook the generator and i measured the voltage output and finished the excel part. He first shook the tube at a particular rate. While he was shaking the generator he has to count the number of shakes in the data collecting interval. We repeated this for five times so we can get an accurate graph. After we did this five times, I transferred all the data into excel. For each time we shook the generator and recorded how the results for each of the shake. After i made the table i calculated the sum squared for each group of the shake. We just put =sumsq plus all the data recorded for each shake of the group and calculated it. After i repeated the step for each group i inserted the marked skater with the number of shakes for each group and the sum squared. Shorter: I calculated in excel the sum of the squares of the voltages for each step. After i did all the math i made the graph for all the five times we measured as a function of number of shakes and fit the result to a linear curve.

     Cars might be one of the best transportation systems. Living in an urban or suburban area it is essential that we own at least one car. They are the most efficient and comfortable transportation system and by living in the suburban areas, cars are the basic for “survival”. They are essential to maintain a basic standard of living. Cars also can take the place of a train, plane etc. Its much more beautiful to take a trip driving than flying. Its exhausting but it helps you explore much more places than you would by flying. Because cars are the second most important things after owning a place to live, we have to think about how we can save if we travel a lot.

One of the ways you could save money is to:

1.Keep you vehicle well maintained.

“A car in poor running condition will use more gas than one that has been tuned up.”

2. Purchase a hybrid

 “ A hybrid is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources to move the vehicle. They combine an internal combustion engine and one or more electric motors.” These type of cars not only help you save money but also saves the air from pollution.  Power sources for hybrid vehicles include:

• Coal, wood
• Electricity
• Compressed or liquefied natural gas
• Electric vehicle battery
• Hydrogen
• Solar
• Petrol or diesel fuel
• Wind

2. Use charging electrically for the cars

“Its one of the best ways to give power to the vehicle that you are driving and its more efficient.”(electric cars)

3. Purchase a car that shuts down one or more engine cylinders when it is coasting, or cruising under a light load, reducing fuel consumption without sacrificing performance.

Sources

http://www.getrichslowly.org/blog/2007/05/30/how-to-improve-your-gas-mileage-23-top-tips-for-better-fuel-economy/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle

http://www.forbes.com/sites/joannmuller/2012/08/30/10-ways-automakers-are-helping-you-spend-less-on-gasoline/

Hydraulic fracturing can be described as being the fracturing of a rock by a pressurized liquid. Certain veins or dikes form naturally. The simulation is usually conducted once in the life of the well and greatly enhances fluid removal and well productivity, but there has been an increasing trend towards multiple hydraulic fracturing as production declines. According to ProPublica hydraulic fracturing “is a process used in nine out of ten natural gas wells in the United States, where millions of gallons of water, sand and chemicals are pumped underground to break apart the rock and release gas. Scientists are worried that the chemicals used in fracturing may pose a threat either underground or when waste fluids are handled and sometimes spilled on the surface.

To give more explanations, “hydraulic fracturing is a technique used relatively briefly during the well completion process. It often takes place a mile or more below groundwater supplies. Shale rock has gas trapped in pores smaller than the width of a hair, so we must create a network of small fissures in the rock to release the gas. This involves injecting a mixture of 90 percent water, 9.5  percent sand, and 0.5 percent chemicals (that in part prevents bacterial growth and reduce friction) into the well at high pressures to keep the fissures open, which allows the gas to flow. Again, the activity is continuously monitored. Experts monitor data such as injection pressure and flow rates during the process to ensure that everything is going according to the plan.”

According to an article posted on June 17th, 2011 by Ken Cohen called “Facts on the hydraulic process” it is proven that the hydraulic fracturing – “a method that’s enabling greater production of natural gas in shale and other formation – poses no more risk to the environment or water supplies than any other oil and gas production technique.”  Whats most important about “tracking” is ensuring that proper well design and water-handling procedures are rigorously applied at every well. ” The finding is just the latest confirmation of what the U.S. Ground Water Protection Council and others have found in their studies of hydraulic fracturing: ‘Taken together, state and federal requirements, along with the technologies and practices developed by industry, serve to protect human health and help reduce environmental impacts from shale gas operations,” the Ground Water Protection Council said in a primer prepared for the Department of Energy in 2009’

Sources

http://www.exxonmobilperspectives.com/2011/06/17/facts-hydraulic-fracturing-process/?gclid=CIWl7Jyr27wCFfM7OgodxkEAAw&gclsrc=aw.ds

http://www.propublica.org/special/hydraulic-fracturing-national

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing