Trip to Museum of Science

Recently, I had a chance to visit Museum of Science(MOS) with my class fellows. The Museum of Science (MoS) is a Boston, Massachusetts landmark, located in Science Park.  The Museum is also an accredited member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) and is home to over 100 animals, many of which have been rescued and rehabilitated from various dangerous situations.  We visit almost every site of the museum and we gain a lot of information from there.

After that, we studied  and learnt there about wind and solar energy. We gathered a wide range of information about sustainable energy resources. As we know, wind power is the fastest-growing source of electricity in the United States. Therefore, we also learnt about how a wind turbine works, how some of the trade-offs surrounding wind energy, and how scientists are engineering new. We also learnt in the MOS about the most efficient ways to generate, store, and transport electricity from the wind.

We also came to know that the Museum has developed a to-scale community solar system model that spans as far as the Riverside MBTA station. We also done a little experiment there whose outcomes proved that in order for a panel to collect the highest amount of solar energy, the photovoltaic panel must be place in coordination to the incoming angle of the Sun.

Here are some pictures of our trip to this museum:

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Team Project about Friction

These are the details of our team project about friction.

1.   Title: Friction!

2.   Purpose: To measure how much friction is created when a block of wood is dragged across different surfaces.

3.   Background: Friction is wasted energy.

4.   Procedure: Hook the block of wood to the duel range force sensor. Then gently pull the utility handle. The data is collected with the nxt and sent to the computer. Where you can use the data to make a graph and visually see how much friction is created on each surface.

5.   Materials:

  • Block of wood
  • Duel range force sensor
  • Nxt
  • Computer desk
  • Carpet/ fabric surface
  • wood

6.    Analysis: results.

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Outline of Experiment

Here is the outline of our experiment:
  1. Title of project/experiment:
  2. Purpose: To find out what fabrics make better insulation.
  3. Background: discovering what household fabrics can be best used as insulation.
  4. Procedure:
  • Set up: 4 water bottles. 3 different socks. Thermometer. Hot water. Timer
  • Wrap 3 different socks around 3 of the water bottles
  • Pour hot water into water bottles and then use the thermometer to find how hot it is.
  • A few minutes later check the temperature again. (repeat a few times)
  • Determine what fabrics held the heat in the bottles the longest.
  • Data about experiment:
  • Analysis of experiment:

 

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Team Experiment

Recently, we have created our group for team project or team experiment for this course. After bouncing idea back and forth for a while we found and experiment called a good sock. The experiment is about finding what cloth can best insulate a bottle of water.

After selecting this topic, we made little changes in it. Non-recyclable bottles, such as those made from aluminum, are better for the environment because plastic is not being thrown away after each use. However, aluminum water bottles are not insulated, so they do not keep water cold very long. Nor do they keep hot beverages hot. Therefore, we selected this particular topic to do an experiment on it. We want to do a similar experiment using different types of cloth that you would normally find around your own house. We have not specified what cloth we will be using yet but we are going to use those cloths in our experiment to see what types can keep a higher temperature of the hot water inside of bottles.

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MIT Plasma Center Tour

Recently, we had a chance to visit MIT Plasma Center. “The Plasma Science & Fusion Center (PSFC) Is Recognized As One Of The Leading University Research Laboratories In The Physics And Engineering Aspects Of Magnetic And Inertial Fusion (MIT)”.

At our tour to MIT Plasma center, the Christian give us a lot of information about taking the energy in the world and breakign it down by source and that at some point, we will run out of fossil fuels. He also gave us a lot of information about temperature. They also told us about their Tokamak, a million dollar plasma research device used by MIT researchers. We learnt a lot about it from there.

In addition, they also give us a detailed description about what the plasma energy is. They also explain about electron volts. In physics, the electron volt is a unit of energy equal to approximately 1.602×10−19 joule.

Here are some photos during the tour to the MIT Plasma Center:

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Pros/Cons of shutting down the nuclear power plant in Indian Point, NY

The Indian Point nuclear plant in Buchanan, N.Y., has been a major source of power to New York City and its northern suburbs since the first reactor went into operation in 1962. But the plant, which is now owned by Entergy, has encountered a string of accidents and mishaps since its beginnings, and has appeared on the federal list of the nation’s worst nuclear power plants.

On May 2, 2007, the NRC announced that the “License Renewal Application for Indian Point Nuclear Plant is available for Public Inspection”. This initiated Entergy’s effort to extend the operating licenses of each unit by 20 years. The original federal licenses for the two reactors expire in 2014 and 2016

For the Cuomo administration, closing Indian Point would be a major step toward reshaping the state’s energy policy. Replacing the plant would take years and require a long-term energy strategy. The plant produces 2,000 megawatts and provides 25 percent of the power in New York City and Westchester.

The operators of the Indian Point nuclear plant shut down one of its two reactors early Tuesday morning to repair a malfunctioning cooling pump.

The shutdown comes as the plant, which sits about 40 miles north of Midtown Manhattan, is under increasing political pressure, especially from Gov. Andrew Coumo. The governor has said the plant should be closed completely because it’s a safety risk, and in his State of the State address last week he highlighted a plan to improve the state’s electrical transmission system, which could help replace some of the power Indian Point provides to downstate New York.

Entergy Corp. which operates the plant, said no radioactivity was released during the shutdown. Because the shutdown was an unplanned reduction in power output, it counts against Indian Point in the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s indicators of plant safety. But a spokesman said Indian Point is “well below” the level at which more oversight would be required.

“This is what their procedures call for and we didn’t see any indication that they’re not adhering to those procedures,” the spokesman said.

But those who favor closing Indian Point said the incident underlines safety concerns.

“It’s not surprising it’s having problems like this, given its age and given some of the other problems it has had,” said Paul Gallay, president of the environmental group Riverkeeper. “It’s one thing to drive a car that’s got too many miles on it; it’s a hell of a different thing to run a nuke plant like that.”

Resources:

http://topics.nytimes.com

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Point_Energy_Center#Recertification_or_closure

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204257504577153233638252006.html

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Global Warming:

It is the rising average temperature of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th century and its projected continuation.

Global Warming Deniers:

Those who believe that climate change is natural and has nothing to do with the climate are known as global warming deniers.

Climate change deniers are contrarians who challenge the evidence that human activities such as deforestation and human behaviors that result in more greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide are causing changes in our planet’s climate that may prove devastating and irreversible. Contrarians pose as skeptics, refusing to accept consensus conclusions in science on the ground that there is still some uncertainty. True skeptics raise specific doubts about specific claims and do not try to debunk a whole area of science by an occasional error or by the general lack of absolute certainty, which is unattainable in any area of science.

What they say?

The global warming deniers made many arguments about global warming. They say:

  • “Extreme weather isn’t caused by global warming”
  • “Sea level rise is exaggerated”
  • “It’s Urban Heat Island effect”
  • “Increasing CO2 has little to no effect”
  • “Oceans are cooling”
  • “Water vapor is the most powerful greenhouse gas”
  • “Polar bear numbers are increasing”
  • “Other planets are warming”
  • “There’s no correlation between CO2 and temperature”
  • “Greenhouse effect has been falsified”

Resources:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming

http://www.skepdic.com/climatedeniers.html

http://www.skepticalscience.com/argument.php

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Tom Vales Presentation

Tom vales is a professor in the Suffolk university. Recently, he came in to give us a presentation.

Tom holds annual presentations for electrical light shows to be presented and along with his fellow buddies, does experiments and tricks-but he remembers to wear his ear plugs because the crackling is so loud it could even damage your hearing. The four models he focused on: Jean Peltier’s thermoelectric cooling method, the hot-air engine, the Piezo effect, and the Mendocino motor.

Vales lectured us on was the Peltier effect. Peltier made an astounding discovery when he “joined copper wire and bismouth wire together and connected, then to a battery.” While one of “junctions of the two wires” got hot, the other got cold. Like this he created the effect that could power a low efficient refrigerator. The principle that is most important about this experiment is that “In essence, the Peltier effect shows that electricity can cause a heat  difference at the junction of two different metals connected together.” Vales told us this is what beer coolers essentially use as a function to keep beers cool.

Her experiment was very interesting and fun to look at. Vales talked about the inventor of power grid, Nikola Tesela (10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943). Teselas dream was wireless power transition and he made it happen. When he turned on the tower, its substantial wiring was then routed through a large high-voltage and when professor Vales held two light bulbs near it they both light up.

The last part of Professor Vales presentations was about eh Tesla Coil.  The machine that he brought in was very cool.  It was an example of what a powere grid is and in his demonstration he held different objects up with the machine to show us how it worked and how it generated electricity.  This was definitely a crowd pleaser everyone including myself was very amazed with with part of his presentation.  Tom Vales presentation was very informative, interesting and a whole lot of fun to watch.  He definitely helped us understand the different types of energy technologies that are out there that are much more sustainable.

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Solyndra Scandal & Wisdom of Clean Energy

Energy Secretary Steven Chu has just about had it with House Republican accusations about Solyndra and other clean-energy companies that won billions of dollars in federal loan guarantees.

“After hundreds of thousands of pages of documents sent over, there’s not any whiff that this was a politically influenced decision,” Chu told reporters Tuesday shortly after wrapping up House committee testimony on the controversial program. “That’s true of all the loans.”

The Obama administration’s scandal-plagued loan guarantee to Solyndra Corp. has made federal support for renewable energy projects in general a political target for Republicans. Already the Republican-leaning Crossroads GPS group is running ads calling the president’s green-energy program a “disgrace” and calling on Congress to “shut it down.”

But the Crossroads ads also strain the facts. For example, they cite an inflated figure for the Obama administration’s loan guarantees and grants to “clean energy” firms owned by Obama campaign backers. The figure came from a conservative author, but Crossroads misleadingly attributes it to a respected news magazine.

Solyndra, a California-based solar panel manufacturer, declared bankruptcy in August 2011 after having received $528 million in federal loan guarantees.

The loan guarantees, part of the 2009 stimulus package, were the first to be allocated out of the $18 billion Congress has committed to dole out. But the failure of Solyndra — which could cost taxpayers more than a half-billion dollars — has renewed the highly partisan debate in Washington over the benefits or failings of Mr. Obama’s stimulus program and the wisdom of clean energy subsidies in general.

Solyndra’s problem, according to outsiders, was that the product looked better when it was conceived than when it hit the market. Solyndra’s design avoided the use of silicon, a commodity that was selling at very high prices in 2009 when the loan guarantee was approved but that since crashed.

The design also sought to cut costs with an innovative cylindrical design that reduced the labor required for installation. But the capital costs for manufacturing were high. At the same time, Chinese companies had ramped up their output, flooding the market and pushing down the price of solar equipment at a time when slack demand in Europe contributed to a surplus.

Solyndra became one of the administration’s most costly fumbles after the company declared bankruptcy, laid off 1,100 workers and was raided by F.B.I. agents seeking evidence of possible fraud.

Although the government in such programs typically guarantees loans made to a company by a commercial bank, this was not the case for Solyndra. It borrowed the money from the Federal Financing Bank, part of the Treasury Department, so in effect, the government was lending the money to the company directly. The Energy Department gave Solyndra a conditional guarantee for $535 million, in multiple stages, contingent on reaching a variety of milestones, and it had received $528 million before going under.

The Solyndra loan guarantee was the Obama administration’s first. The administration, seeking to forge a “clean energy” economy and provide jobs in the face of a growing recession, picked the project partly because it was what government officials were then fond of calling “shovel ready.”

Resources:

http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0312/74252.html#ixzz1t9UldJdx

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/business/companies/solyndra/index.html

http://eastcountymagazine.org/node/8719

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Solar Energy Lab Experiment

The following equipment is needed for this solar energy experiment:

  • One solar cell
  • One voltage probe
  • One NXT adaptor
  • NXT with light sensor
  • One light source
  • Labview VI  solarlab1.vi
  • Ruler
  • Colored film filters
  • Excel sheet

The results of this experiment is shown into the following graph:

 

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