Monthly Archives: February 2013

Solyndra Scandal

urlSolyndra’s promise: “Solyndra’s solar power solutions offer strong return on investment and make great business sense. Our cylindrical technology was designed for the rooftop and offers the benefit of light weight, low cost and the fastest, easiest installation of any solar technology. In more than 1000 installations around the world our customers are converting underutilized rooftop space into clean energy from the sun.” Solyndra was a manufacturer of cylindrical panels of copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin-film solar cells. On 1 September 2011, the company ceased all business activity, filed forChapter 11 bankruptcy, and laid off all employees. The company is also being sued by employees who were abruptly laid off. Their efficient and innovative technology looked extremely promising, and a chance to create jobs in America. That was the reason the White House, along with Obama, approved a $535 million dollar loan to back the start-up from Silicon Valley. The FBI is currently investigating what role in political fundraising helped make this scandal possible. Th einitiative was called “Technology for Obama”. The intention was great, create clean, efficient energy and create jobs for thousands of Americans. However, it resulted to be a political effort to satisfy the appetite of politicians, and now Republicans are retaliating, despite the fact that they have been in similar situations. The intention of the investment was great, but government officials need to be more cautious in analyzing a company’s operations as well as the honesty of its employees, especially the board, when making such a large investment in this economy. “The Obama Administration betrayed American taxpayers when it dumped hundreds of millions of public dollars into Solyndra while ignoring clear warnings about the company’s dire financial situation,” Romney campaign spokesman Ryan Williams said in a statement.

 

References:

http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/07/obama-fundraises-with-players-in-solyndra-scandal/

http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2011-09-18/news/ct-met-kass-0918-20110918_1_solyndra-loan-guarantee-obama-fundraisers-obama-white-house

Hydraulic Fracturing

Natural Gas is a valued resource in the U.S. and globally. Our lifestyle has become dependent on it, despite the negative impact on the environment. Until we find a more efficient alternative, it will continue to be widely used. Hydraulic fracturing is a process used in nine out of 10 natural gas wells in the United States. “Fracking”, as it is called, involves pumping millions of gallons of water, sand and chemicals into the ground in an attempt to break apart the rock and release the gas. Roughly 200 tanker trucks deliver the water and the pumper truck injects the mixture of water, sand, and chemicals into the ground. The pressurized mixture causes the rock layer to crack and the fissures created propogate the gas into the well which rises back to surface level. imgres

One of the main problems is the byproducts and the harmful chemicals that are used. The harsh chemicals can seriously damage the underground rock layer, while the chemicals on the surface can be harmful to humans.  Fractures produced in the well might extend directly into shallow rock units that are used for drinking water supplies. Or, fractures produced in the well might communicate with natural fractures that extend into shallow rock units that are used for drinking water supplies. Additionally, the pipes themselves might burst and allow fluids to escape into drinking water supplies.
A regulatory environment is necessary for providing a guideline of techniques to be employed and environmental safeguards to protect water supplies for local communities.

Nonetheless, Entrepreneurs see this risky business as an opportunity.

“Water is now emerging as a significant opportunity and risk for oil and gas companies,” said Laura Shenkar, an expert on corporate water strategy and technologies and founder of the Artemis Project, a consulting firm based in San Francisco. Start-ups, venture capitalists and large companies, including Veolia and Siemens, are developing water cleaning efforts and technologies. They say this could be a profitable business. One example is Ecosphere Technologies, which uses ozone as a disinfectant to clean water in a process called advanced oxidation. The treatment is able to recycle 100 percent of the water, according to Charles Vinick, the company’s chiefexecutive.

 

References:

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/05/business/energy-environment/race-is-on-to-clean-up-hydraulic-fracturing.html?_r=0http://www.propublica.org/special/hydraulic-fracturing-nationalhttp://www.halliburton.com/public/projects/pubsdata/hydraulic_fracturing/index.html

Lab 2: Force and Energy, Velocity and Acceleration, and Power

This week, we attempted the previous experiment again. These are the results we attained:

Screen Shot 2013-03-03 at 11.13.31 PM

 

 

 

 

As you increase the mass, acceleration decreases. Screen Shot 2013-03-03 at 11.14.27 PM

 

F=ma, as force increases, acceleration increasesScreen Shot 2013-03-03 at 11.14.50 PM

As you increase the power level, the power discharge increases and more power is exerted. Screen Shot 2013-03-03 at 11.15.45 PM

The smaller the mass, the smaller the battery discharge. This is a function of battery to mass with the same power level.

Screen Shot 2013-03-03 at 11.15.16 PM

Generator Experiment

In this week’s lab, we used a generator to create electricity and store it in the battery. We recorded  The changing currents occuring from the shakes are transferred into power and provides light for the battery. The first trial was with 0 shakes and came to be 0.84. Second trial was 24 shakes which equaled 0.101 and 70 shakes equaled 150.Screen Shot 2013-03-03 at 11.24.40 PM

Work, Force, Energy (Pulley Experiment)

 

In this week’s lab we explored Newton’s Laws.

1.      Newton’s 2nd Law i.e.,

2.      The law of conservation of energy

3.      Velocity and acceleration

4.      Power

We used the Lego Mindstorm motor to lift weights with a pulley.

image003

Setting the power level of the motor will set the toque on the motor wheel which will result in a particular force used to lift the masses.  The higher the power level, the greater the force

1.      Explore Newton’s 2nd Law i.e. by

a.       Keeping the power level fixed and changing the mass.  Does the acceleration vary withmass?

We found that by decreasing the mass (kg) while keeping the same power level, the time (s) and battery discharge (mV) decreases. However, the speed (RPM) and acceleration (RPM/s) increase.

b.      Keep the mass fixed and change the power level.  Does the acceleration vary with power level?

We found that decreasing the power level decreases the power level (mV), speed (RPM), and acceleration (RPM/s). However, the time (s) increases.

We measured the distance travelled with a ruler : 30 cm

 

Results from experiment:

Screen Shot 2013-03-03 at 11.08.21 PM

Measuring Distance and Velocity

NXT Robotics Lab

url

The purpose of this lab was to understand how the VI measures the distance the wheels travel, and the speed at which the car travels. We also recorded the distance travelled with a ruler and calculated the percentage of error.

With a ruler measure the diameter of the wheel and compute the circumference of the wheel in meters.

Circumference = p*diameter

= .175

How are the degrees that the wheel rotated related to the number of turns of the wheel?           Each wheel rotation in turns is equal to 360 degrees.

How are seconds related to milliseconds? 1 second equals .0001 milliseconds.

How is the distance related to the number of turns? Distance = circumference * # of wheel turns

We ran three tests with the same time for the wheels to turn. The first test we ran at 75% power level, the second test we ran at 50% power level, and 25% for the third test. The discrepancy can be attributed to the fact that our measurements with the ruler were not exact. In contrast, the computer measurements were much more accurate, and the comparison between these two measurements accounts for the percentage of error.

To calculate % error:

| distance of ruler – distance computer | / Average (distance computer and distance ruler)

 

Tests 1,2, and 3

    Time Power      Level Rotation in degrees # of Wheel      Turns    Distance     Ruler    Distance  Computer    Velocity      % Error
  1 sec.     75%     988    2.7444     .43 m   .4802 m .4802 m/s     10.98%
  1 sec.     50%     589    1.6361     .28 m   .2863 m .2863 m/s       2.2%
  1 sec.     25%     227     .6305     .115 m    .1103 .1103 m/s       41%