The propose of this lab was to explore Newton’s 2^nd Law , The law of conservation of energy, Velocity and acceleration and Power. We had to use the Lego Mindstorm motor in order to  lift weights with a pulley. Also, we used the below VI for this experiment .

 

 

First , we Explored Newton second law by keeping the power level fixed and changing the mass . Then we kept the mass fixed and change the power level.

When we kept the power level fixed and changed the mass we found that power level and acceleration are in direct relationship

power level	acceleration
75	28.352045
85	30.978509
95	33.274113
105	41.293876
115	47.209877

 

 

^After that when we kept the mass fixed and change the power level ,we found out that mass and acceleration are in inverse relationship

MASS	acceleration
0.25	28.352045
0.2	30.978509
0.18	33.274113
0.14	41.293876
0.12	47.209877

 

 

 

second , by Computing  we explored the law of Conservation of energy. By making the power fixed we plotted the battery discharge and the energy as a function of mass

potential	battery
0.59584	111
0.65856	120
0.784	125
0.72128	139

 

From that, we can see that the greater the masses , the greater is the battery discharge .

 

Finally , by using the formula

We calculated the average power used by the motor. Then , we plotted the power used as a function of the power level of the motor .

battery dis	power(mgh/t)
83	0.285922684
97	0.297646166
111	0.013516775
125	0.264884319
139	0.243911111

 

 

 

 

The MIT Nuclear Reactor Laboratory (MIT-NRL) is an interdepartmental center that operates a high performance 6 MW research reactors known as the MITR-II. It is the second largest university research reactor in the U.S. and the only one located on the campus of a major research university.

A nuclear reactor is a system that contains and controls sustained nuclear chain reactions. Reactors are used for generating electricity, moving aircraft carriers and submarines, producing medical isotopes for imaging and cancer treatment, and for conducting research.

What Are The Components of a Nuclear Reactor ?

1. Core  It’s the focal point of the reactor, where fuel is contained and nuclear fission reactions take place.
2. Fuel – Generally, fuel is made of small-enriched uranium oxide rods, stacked so as to form cylinders, approx. 4 meters long and with a diameter of about one centimetre. These rods are wrapped in metal sheathes (steel or zirconium alloy), which allow heat to pass through while blocking the radioactive elements produced by fission.
3. Moderator – This is a material placed in the reactor to slow down the neutrons produced by fission, in order to reach the most suitable speed allowing the chain reaction to continue.
   Depending on the various reactor models, the moderator may consist of graphite, water or heavy water
4. Heat-transfer fluid (or coolant) – This fluid cools the core and carries outside the heat that is produced there. The most commonly used fluid is water, but some types of reactors use different fluids .
5. Control rods – These are rods used in specific materials to control fission inside the core. Since they absorb neutrons, they are capable of controlling the chain reaction which – depending on how deep down the rods are inserted into the core – can be accelerated, slowed down or even stopped, thus changing the capacity of the reactor. Indeed, if necessary, the reactor can be immediately stopped when they are fully inserted.
6. Vessel – The large steel recipient containing the core, the control rods and the heat-transfer fluid.

What Is A Chain Reaction

The neutron-fission chain reaction: a neutron plus a fissionable atom causes a fission resulting in a larger number of neutrons than was consumed in the initial reaction.  Chemical reactions, where a product of a reaction is itself a reactive particle, which can cause more similar reactions. For example, every step of H2 + Cl2 chain reaction consumes one molecule of H2 or Cl2, one free radical H· or Cl· producing one HCl molecule and another free radical. Electron avalanche process: Collisions of free electrons in a strong electric field forming  new electrons to undergo the same process in successive cycles.

 

 

Faraday’s Law states that changing magnetic fluxes through coiled wires generate electricity. Also, The greater is the change in magnetic flux, the greater are the currents and voltages. In the lab that we had on Friday ,we had to prove that the faster we shake the tube, the greater will be the generated voltage. In order to do that, we used magnet that moves back and forth inside a coil of wire (generator), One voltage probe, One NXT adaptor, NXT, Labview VI and Excel sheet.

 

The generator _lab was reviewed by our instructor in order for us to understand how to use it to measure the voltage output of the generator. Our aim was to correlate the number of shakes of the generator, in a thirty second-time interval, with the squares sum of the voltage.

 

First we shake the tube at a particular speed. Then, the number of shakes was counted. Next, the sum of squares of the voltage was calculated by using Excel. After that, the previous steps were repeated five times at five different rates shakes. Finally, the SSQV’s was plotted as a function of the number of shakes and the result was fit to a linear curve.

 

For the first three attempts, the squares sum of the voltage was correlated to the number of shakes (0 , 130 ,95 ) .in the fourth attempt , the number of shakes (60) did not correlate to the squares sum of the voltage , it was bigger than the squares sum of the voltage of  (95) shakes . This unexpected result might happen because of some problems in the NXT adaptor, the voltage probe or the speed of the shake. It is not possible for a human to shake at the same speed for certain time.

0 shakes		130 shakes		95 shakes		60 shakes		42 shakes
0.19059		0.04946		0.20342		0.04946		0.10078
0.20342		0.26757		0.21625		5.91277		-1.10524
0.07512		-5.51876		1.4351		2.19207		0.08795
0.16493		0.07512		6.38748		0.06229		0.11361
0.08795		-5.53159		0.21625		0.06229		0.06229
0.11361		-5.32631		0.17776		-5.54442		0.08795
0.17776		0.07512		-0.4894		-5.53159		0.65247
0.20342		-0.06601		1.12718		3.96261		-5.53159
0.17776		-5.51876		0.06229		0.47285		0.08795
0.19059		0.06229		0.19059		0.12644		0.21625
0.06229		0.07512		0.11361		0.11361		0.07512
0.19059		0.44719		0.21625		0.22908		0.08795
0.21625		0.10078		0.12644		0.13927		0.10078
0.06229		0.13927		0.08795		0.11361		0.20342
0.08795		-0.82298		0.63964		0.17776		0.21625
0.10078		0.20342		6.41314		0.11361		0.1521
0.08795		1.21699		6.36182		0.19059		1.03737
0.07512		0.1521		0.33172		0.11361		0.10078
0.21625		0.21625		0.46002		-0.18148		6.47729
0.20342		0.65247		0.63964		-1.6441		0.08795
0.12644		-5.51876		0.16493		0.11361		0.60115
0.16493		6.38748		0.07512		0.12644		0.06229
0.10078		0.13927		0.20342		6.55427		0.33172
0.16493		6.47729		0.10078		-5.57008		0.19059
0.07512		-5.53159		0.21625		4.50147		0.1521
0.22908		0.0238		0.19059		0.29323		-0.72034
0.08795		0.10078		1.11435		1.96113		0.08795
0.20342		0.07512		0.11361		0.51134		0.20342
0.08795		0.12644		6.42597		0.20342		0.20342
0.11361		-0.33544		0.1521		0.25474		0.17776
0.69078105		266.8802397		170.1389959		218.5607137		4.60149