In this lab, we generated voltages using magnet. There, three relations we should be aware of before we start explaining about my experiment, these relations exist between electricity and magnetism. Electric current flow will always produce some form of magnetism, magnetism is by far the most commonly used means for producing or using electricity and the peculiar behavior of electricity under certain conditions is caused by magnetic influences. Faraday’s Law states that changing magnetic fluxes through coiled wires generate electricity (currents and voltage).

When the magnet is being moved back forth, electricity and voltage are being generated because of the change in the magnet flux. Whenever there is a change in the magnet flux, electricity is being generated.

In this lab we had to practice this law, we were given a tool like a flashlight and it works by shaking it. However, we used the NXT to measure the voltage are being generated from the flashlight. We had a period of 30 seconds, and we had to try different amounts of shakes. The following graph will determine our results.

As it can be seen, when raise the number of shakes more voltage is being generated.

In conclusion, this lab explains the electromagnetism and applications of it.

In this lab,  we were asked to apply Newton’s second law, which is F=MA. This measures the conservation of energy, acceleration and velocity. By a to  a .

Newton second law says “acceleration is when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object beingaccelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object).” It can be read from the law that our three factors are mathematically to each other, and there is a proportional relation between that mass and the acceleration.

As it can be seen in the graph, when we add weights, acceleration increases. This proves the proportional relation between Acc and Mass. Note that we kept the power constant.

The following graph shows the second experiment, where we kept the weight constant and changed the power level. According to Newton’s second law, the power is proportional to the acceleration, A=F/M

As it can be noticed from the graph, the acceleration rises with the power level.

The next experiment is slightly different; it is about the battery discharge VS the Mass. The mass is proportional to the battery discharge, which means that when we increase the mass the batter discharge will be greater while keeping the power fixed.

This graph proves the proportional relation between the mass and battery discharge.

By using the power formula, which is power used= potential energy/time= mgh/time, we can get the average of the power we consumed while investigating the experiments. Note that we are using this formula for the experiments that had a constant mass.

This graph shows the relation between the mass and battery discharge

To sum up, this experiment is really helpful to understand the relation between power, mass and acceleration. the following excel sheet will show results in numbers.

This class experiment was about solar cells, and they are also called photovoltaic. When a source of light is aimed to the cells it can generate electricity without a power source. According to Wikipedia “The term “photovoltaic” comes from the Greek φῶς (phōs) meaning “light”, and from “volt”, the unit of electro-motive force, the volt, which in turn comes from the last name of the Italian physicistAlessandro Volta, inventor of the battery (electrochemical cell). The term “photovoltaic” has been in use in English since 1849.[1]“.

The Experiment was to measure the voltage generated from the applied light from the flashlight. We took several measurements from several distances. We can see the relation between the distance and the voltage generated from the cells and the applied light.

It can be seen from the chart, when the distance is reduced the voltage generated becomes higher and higher. This experiment proves the relation between the quantity of light applied to the solar cells and the voltage generated.

After we finished these measurements, we were introduced to colored filters. This experiment is similar to the first one; however, the difference here is we do not change the distance; what we have to do is we change the colored filters and measure the voltage. The following chart will show my results.

It is shown in the chart that red filters absorb most of the light, then blue after that green.

In conclusion, this experiment gave us a brief idea about solar cells and how voltage are generated using solar cells

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell

We watched a documentary movie called “Pandora’s Promise”. This is about the history of the nuclear energy, how crucial and destructive nuclear weapons can be and the future of nuclear energy.
The main point from this movie was toshow how nuclear energy is effective, powerful and clear source of energy. The majority of people believes that nuclear cant be used for good reasons; because they are afraid of nuclear bombs after World War 2. However, this movie proves the point that nuclear energy is a very helpful method to generate cleaner energy. The movie started with some nuclear accidents, for instant, Fukushima, and they started with measuring the radiations in the area of Fukushima; I believe that is a good way to start, to show the audience that they are aware of their concerns toward nuclear energy. In the other hand, France was taken as a positive example. France produces a cleaner energy than the others, green energy.
In conclusion, it is true that there were terrible nuclear energy accidents, but engineers nowadays can avoid these accidents, we learn from our mistakes. Nuclear safety now is a very advanced area of researches. In addition, environmentalists agree that nuclear energy is a cleaner energy, and it is a reliable source of energy.

The President Climate Action Plan will be taken 3 initiatives to decrease the damage that have been caused to the climate. According to the action plan, president Obama said that in 2020, America would reduce its greenhouse gas emissions in the range of 17 percent below 2005 levels. Starting from this promise, the plan will be taken 3 initiatives to decrease the damage that have been caused to the climate.

First initiative was to cut the carbon pollution in America. Incredible statistics were provided in the plan, for instance, “Through 2030, these standards will cut consumers’ electricity bills by hundreds of billions of dollars and save enough electricity to power more than 85 million homes for two years” these statistics were provided by the department of energy in the president’s first term. What they actually mean, new efficiency standard were made by the Department of Energy for electrical products.

Second initiative was expanding the President’s better building challenge. The meaning of this challenge is to increase the efficiency of energy for commercial and industrial building at least 20%. Therefore, more 120 organizations owning more than 2 billion square feet are increasing the energy efficiency on 2020.

Third initiative was the forests of the U.S. It plays a very important role because it reduces 12% of gas emissions every year. According to the plan” In the face of a changing climate and increased risk of wildfire, drought, and pests, the capacity of our forests to absorb carbon is diminishing.” and it addresses the importance of the forests in carbon reduction.

http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/image/president27sclimateactionplan.pdf